Zugriff auf die Synology-Dienste über Internet

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Einleitung

Der Synology Server verfügt über diverse Dienste, die für die Benutzung über Internet gedacht sind (File Station, Web Station, Photo Station, Blog...). Nach der ersten Einrichtung des Servers sind diese Dienste allerdings noch nicht öffentlich verfügbar. Dazu sind in der Regel noch weitere Konfigurationsschritte notwendig, die hier erläutert werden sollen.

Aktivierung der Dienste

Konfiguration des Routers

DynDNS

Benutzte Ports

Die folgende Liste zeigt die Ports, die vom Synology Server genutzt werden können.

Port Protokoll Beschreibung Hinweise
20 TCP aktive FTP-Daten
21 TCP FTP-Control
22 TCP SSH/verschlüsseltes Netzwerkbackup
23 TCP Telnet
25 TCP SMPT (Mail)
53 TCP Domain Name Service DNS-Namen Auflösung
67 UDP DHCP Client Zur automatischen Zuteilung einer IP
80 TCP HTTP benutzt für den Web-Server und Photo-Station
123 UDP Network Time Protocol automatische Zeitsynchronisation über einen NTP-Server
137 UDP NetBIOS
138 UDP NetBIOS-Datagram
139 UDP NetBIOS-ssn
389 TCP/UDP LDAP für ADS Verbindung
443 TCP HTTPS für HTTPS-Verbindungen zur Synology Station
445 TCP/UDP Microsoft-ds Netzwerkfreigaben über CIFS bzw. Samba
537 Network Media Streaming Protokoll
548 TCP Apple Filing Protokoll
554 Real Time Stream Protokoll
873 TCP Netzwerk Backup Rsync
989 TCP FTP-Daten über TLS/SSL
990 TCP FTP über TLS/SSL
3306 TCP/UDP MySQL Dienst
3689 TCP DAAP Digital Audio Access Protokoll benutzt von Apple’s iTunes
5000 TCP Synology Verwaltung, File Station, Audio Station, Surveillance Station
5001 TCP Synology Verwaltung, File Station, Audio Station, Surveillance Station (verschlüsselt)
5432 TCP/UDP Download Redirector Verbindung zur PostgreSQL-Datenbank
5353 iTunes Media Service
6881-6890 TCP BitTorrent
9997-9999 UDP Verschiedene Synology Dienste Synology Assistant, Download Redirector, Data Replicator
55536-56559 UDP Bereich für Passiv FTP (kann im Management geändert werden)


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The Synology server has internet services (such as Web hosting, PhotoStation 2 + video) which are designed for internet use. These services by default are not publicly viewable (also, some of these services must be enabled before use), these services can be accessed over the Internet by port forwarding the corrosponding port from the WAN (the Internet) to the LAN IP address of the Cube Station.

Ports for example, are specific access “doors” which various computers will respond too. Much akin to forwarding a phone call from New York, NY to Seattle, WA; port forwarding forwards a call from the Internet, to the local network, and into the Cube Station, where the Cube Station (or Synology Product) will pick up the call and respond.

Given today's plethora of routers, there is no standardized guide or method on how to instruct new users on how to forward ports, most common locations on where to find the port forwarding settings on routers is are

  • Advanced Services
  • Firewall Settings
  • Port Forward
  • Virtual Server

A recommended website which as a collection of guides from various routers on how to conduct port forwarding is PortForward.com Using the guides from PortForward.com, please use one example of forwarding a mail server, for example, to a specific server. It will tell you how to change the port number, from there, simply change the port numbers and add as many services that are needed within the router settings.


What is my external IP address? To determine what is the external IP address of your system, you may use whatismyip.com. This address will have to be use to access the Synology product remotely over the Internet.


How do I test if my ports are forwarded correctly? To determine if the ports are forwarded correctly, you may use canyouseeme.org to probe your network.


DNS Alias All Internet connections today are assigned an IP address, which may be Static (fixed) IP, or a Dynamic (variable, constantly changing on an interval) IP. To have it where it's easier to remember what the IP address is to a particular location is, names are often used, such as www.synology.com. DynamicDNS is a website which offers name address, and at the time this article was written, users can sign up for one free DNS name for home and personal use. This will make it easier for users to distribute their online content on the Internet.


List of ports that the Synology Product uses


Further reading Wikipedia:Computer Network
Wikipedia:Local Area Network
Wikipedia:Wide Area Network
Wikipedia:Port Forwarding
Wikipedia:TCP and UDP Port
Wikipedia:List of TCP and UDP Port Numbers